Television images of Liverpool fans being teargassed and pepper-sprayed casually outside the Stade de France before Saturday's tumultuous Champions League final have shown a focus on France's policing techniques — not for the first time. Human Rights Watch documented the extensive physical injuries caused by weapons ranging from truncheons to teargas grenades, rubber bullets, and larger "flash-ball" rubber pellets on peaceful citizens in recent years, according to Amnesty International and the UN's high commissioner for human rights. In November 2020, a video of four white police officers viciously beating an unarmed black music producer in his Paris studio sparked global outrage, causing President Emmanuel Macron to take action. Last year, when announcing a series of measures aimed at enhancing public-police relations as well as officers' working conditions, Macron stated that French police must be "beyond reproach" and that "when mistakes are